Use of High- and Low-Value Care Among US Adults by Education Levels

Background

Healthcare reform in the United States has focused on improving the value of health care, but there are some concerns about the inequitable delivery of value-based care.

Objective

We examine whether the receipt of high- and low-value care differs by education levels.

Methods

We employed a repeated cross-sectional study design using data from the 2010–2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Our outcomes included 8 high-value services across 3 categories and 9 low-value services across 3 categories. Our primary independent variable was education level: (i) no degree, (ii) high school diploma, and (iii) college graduate. We conducted a linear probability model while adjusting for individual-level characteristics and estimated the adjusted values of the outcomes for each education group.

Results

In almost all services, the use of high-value care was greater among more educated adults than less educated adults. Compared to those with no degree, those with a college degree were significantly more likely to receive all high-value services except for HbA1c measurement, ranging from blood pressure measurement (4.5 percentage points [95% CI: 3.9–5.1]) to colorectal cancer screening (15.6 percentage points [95% CI: 13.9–17.3]). However, there were no consistent patterns of the use of low-value care by education levels.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that more educated adults were more likely to receive high-value cancer screening, high-value diagnostic and preventive testing, and high-value diabetes care than less educated adults. These findings highlight the importance of implementing tailored policies to address education-based inequities in the delivery of high-value services in the United States.